‘Vidari’ is a crippling fibrotic disorder affecting mouth commonly seen in India and South East Asia. It’s always optimum and highly desirable to beat oral submucous fibrosis(OSMF) before it becomes oral cancer. OSMF is a huge dilemma for clinicians worldwide specifically in south east Asia due to elusive pathogenesis. The main characterstic of OSMF is the build up of fibrous tissue in the sub mucosal layer of mouth, which can lead to a loss of flexibility and movement in mouth and can cause difficulty in opening the mouth and speaking, as well as eating and swallowing.We are presenting a case series of OSMF highlighting the clinically observed features. These features might not be seen together.

Smog is a harmful mixture of fog, smoke, dust and air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds etc. Ground ozone can cause distressing health effect. Smog is a complex atmospheric pollutant mixture consisting of ozone, a pollutant with adverse effects on human health, vegetation, and materials; other eye-irritant and phytotoxic pollutants (such as aldehydes and peroxyacetyl nitrates); nitrogen dioxide (cause of the “whiskey-brown” color in the Los-Angeles atmosphere); and fine particles that cause adverse health effects, reduce visibility, and cause the “brown cloud” phenomenon. Photochemical smog is produced by vehicular emission mainly. Here we are discussing chemistry of formation of PAN (Peroxyacetyl nitrate), its impact environment & human health.

A novel, simple, accurate and precise Zero order derivative spectroscopic method was developed and validated for the estimation of Diltiazem HCl in bulk and Pharmaceutical dosage forms and has an absorption maximum at 193 nm in 0.05N Sulphuric acid. The Linearity was found to be in the concentration range of 3-18 µg/ml and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.998 and it has showed good linearity, reproducibility, precision in this concentration range. The regression equation was found to be Y = 0.0971x + 0.0268 .The % recovery values were found to be within 99.3 -102.06 % showed that the method was accurate. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.222 and 0.675µg/ml, respectively. The % RSD values were less than 2. The method has been validated according to ICH guidelines for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, Limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative estimation of Diltiazem HCl in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.

Memantine hydrochloride is a is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, low-moderate affinity, uncompetitive n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, with strong voltage dependency and rapid blocking/unblocking kineticsThe present study was explore the potential of mamentine loaded nanoparticle.with varying quantity of chitosan byionotropic gelation method.The effect of chitosan quantity on the particle size was studied by varying stirring time and stirring speed. The particle morphology can be modulated by selecting the agitation speed as well as drug polymer ratio In the present study.The evaluation parameters like Zeta potential, Entrapment efficiency and Poly dispersity index,of optimized formulation CN15 was found to be 364.2±3.37, -8.46, 79.9±0.2 sand 0.283± 0.048 respectively Determination of percentage yield and loading efficiency,in vitro drug release was also found optimum en 99-100%.

The impact of low temperature on the Korolkov Aronnik plant triggers the expression of the CBF family of transcription factors, which, in turn, activate many downstream genes that confer plant resistance to cold and frost. The article will consider the identification of the ICE1 gene (inducer of CBF 1 expression) by Aronnik Korolkov, an upstream transcription factor that regulates the transcription of CBF genes during cold. A mutation in the wild Aronnik Korolkov blocks the expression of CBF3 and reduces the expression of many genes located downstream of CBFs, which leads to a significant decrease in plant resistance to cold and freezing. The ICE1 genes of the Aronnik Korolkov plant encode the MYC-like transcription activator BHLH. ICE1 binds specifically to MYC recognition sequences in the CBF3 promoter.

Seaweeds are an important ingredient of functional foods recommended for daily food due to their unique compositions and nutritional value. They are the vital source of rich nutrition in dietary fibre, low lipid content, high polysaccharide concentration, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins. The nutritional and pharmacological potential of marine macroalgae drives our continuous interest in investigating the edible seaweeds. The present study mainly focuses on the mineral profile of the edible algae Padina tetrastromaica, collected from Thikkodi coast, Kerala. P. tetrastromatica, belongs to the family Dictyotacece, which have the copious source of pharmacologically active compounds and exhibits unalike properties such as antibiotic, anticoagulant, antihyperglycemic, antiviral and anti-cancerous. Thus the present study reveals the mineral profile of the edible marine algae P.tetrastromatica, which has higher amount of Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium and low amount of Iron . The results concluded that the marine brown algae selected for the present study holds a good amount of primary and secondary metabolites.

Plants are an important source of medicines and play a vital role in achieving the WHO’s goal of universal well-being. People are becoming aware of the medicinal value of natural needs. Among, many medicinal plants, Limonia acidissima L. which belong to Rutaceae family, emerged out to be one of the most valuable plants owing multiple medicinal properties. Wood apple or Limonia acidissima L. contains 15% citric acid, potassium, calcium and iron salt. The seed and pulp contain fats and protein. The present work was undertaken to lay down the physio-chemical evaluation, phytochemicals and biological parameters. Later the pulp powder of wood apple was extracted with and antidiabetic activity,where later two activities were performed by bioautography ethanol by Soxhlet method. The preliminary phytochemicals analysis revealed presence of all tested compounds like Alkaloids, Tannins, Phenolic compounds, Saponins, Steroids and flavonoids. When HPTLC was performed, plates were observed under UV Light and it gave characteristic banding pattern which is unique to Limonia acidissima L. The ethanolic extract of Limonia acidissima L. showed a good antibacterial, antioxidant method.

Introduction: Various occupation experience daily neck pain largely due to their awkward postures and high work demand. This puts extra strain on the muscles and predispose to development of faulty posture and muscles imbalance. So to avoid all this problems and exercise plan is needed, which can be easily performed even at the workplace. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of the band exercises on neck pain and forward head posture in various occupation. Methodology: Thirty patients between the age of 25-50 participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to either and experimental (15) or a control group (15). The experiment group participated in Thera Band exercises Programme while control performed conventional exercises for 6 weeks. Evaluation of neck pain done by numeric pain rating scale and forward head posture was measured by digital photography technique. Results: The paired sample t-test results showed statistically significant difference in the pre and post intervention scores of both NPRS (p=<0.01) and CV angle (p=<0.01) in the participants of both the groups. Conclusion: the result of this study suggests that the use of TheraBand exercises may be helpful for reducing neck pain and carting forward head posture in various occupation. Methods: An comparative study was conducted on 30 patients having neck pain and forward head posture in various physiotherapy OPD and rehabilitation Centre Dehradun. The patient neck pain was measured by NPRS (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and forward head posture measured by the digital photography technique. Results: The majority of patient was showing significant reduction in neck pain and extent of forward head Posture. Conclusion: The result of this study suggests that the use of Thera Band exercises maybe helpful for reducing neck pain and correction forward head posture in various occupation.

Herbal therapy has long been used to treat and control human diseases including mouth diseases and disorders. Also, it can minimize the potential side effects of chemical drugs. However, may be a side effects appear from plants or herbs therapy. Most of the challenges with herbal therapy revolves around inadequate information about the effect of herbs in the mouth, the mechanism of action, and potential side effects. There are several herbs and plants described in this paper that have anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-disorders and anti-inflammatory in oral cavity. It includes 31 medicinal plants and herbs: Alakata pepper, Aloe vera, Airy shaw, Banana plant, Bird eye view, Bitter leaves, Bush pepper, Camelina, Cashew nut, Castor, Cinnamon, Clove, Common coleus, Common wire weed, Cypress, Fennel, Garcinia, Garden eggplant, Garlic, Ginger, Holy basil, Maca, Mint, Mexican tea, Neem, Okra, Onion, Orange fruits, Purple coneflower, Sunset shrub and Turmeric that act as alternative management option to current treatments for oral conditions such as caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral ulcers. In addition to, inflammation treatment after extraction, reduction dry mouth, pain, anesthesia, ill-fitting dentures. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites most commonly used medicinal herbs and plants in maintaining oral health. They can be used in different forms such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, topical agents or local drug delivery devices. These findings show the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing oral diseases and mouth disorders.

Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disorder of lipoproteins which is characterized by high total cholesterol levels. Papaya and Jicama juice contains vitamin C. This is benefit to regulate the concentration of lipid plasma by inhibits the micelles forming, binding of bile through feces and produces short chain fatty acid that can reduce cholesterol synthesis. This study aimed to determined the effect of Papaya and Jicama Juice to decreased total cholesterol level of hypercholesterolemia patient at dr. M.Suherman Clinic Jember. This study was Quasy Experimental pretest-posttest with control group design. Total subjects were 24 taken by purposive sampling and divided into 2 group, namely control group (24) and treatment group (24) who consumed 180 ml of papaya and jicama juice, containing 65,45mg vitamin C for 7 days, once a day. The criteria of subjects was aged 30-60 years who had total cholesterol levels 200-240 mg/dl. Measurement of total cholesterol used GCU-meter Easy Touch. Data were analyzed used Independent t-test and paired t-tes. The results was total cholesterol level in treatment group before consumed juice was 226.17 mg/dl decreased 176.25 mg/dl after the juice was given. However, papaya and jicama juice had no significant effect (p=0.0103) on the decrease of total cholesterol levels.

The novel pathogen SARS-CoV-2 has caused the global pandemic of Covid-19. The hypothesis of this study is that Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChRs) are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, explaining the hyper-inflammatory characteristics observed in a subset of Covid-19 patients. nAChRs represent specific receptors for a wide variety of toxins and have been proposed to serve as receptors for Rabies Virus (RABV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as well, based on sequence homology with the so called “toxic loop” of a-bungarotoxin. Sequence similarities between a motif found in SARS-CoV-2 S protein and in snake neurotoxins, as well as RABV neurotoxin-like region, HIV-1 gp120 and a-conotoxin from Conus geographus, highlights the existence of a correlation between these proteins’ functional sites. In this study, in silico procedures were used to determine SARS-CoV-2 S protein structure-function relationships, revealing the presence of features characteristic of the “toxic loop” known to bind nAChRs and their involvement in the S protein-nAChR interaction. Our results suggest that a polybasic sequence-carrying motif found in SARS-CoV-2 S protein could be involved in the binding, in particular underling the role of Arg685 in the interaction with the receptor.

Introduction: Paragangliomas are non-epithelial neuroendocrine tumors originating from neural crest derived paraganglion cells situated in the region of the autonomic nervous system ganglia and accompanying nerves. Very few cases of primary gastric paraganglioma have been reported in the literature till date. We report a rare case of primary gastric paraganglioma. Case Report: A 38 year old woman presented with history of melena and dyspepsia. Physical examination revealed mild tenderness in the right hypochondrium, and she was diagnosed to have gall stone disease. However, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and contrast enhanced computed tomography whole abdomen revealed presence of a small elevated intraluminal lesion at the body of stomach along greater curvature and clinically diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST). Endoscopic biopsy report revealed a diagnosis of submucosal Brunner’s gland hamartoma. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopy assisted wedge resection of the stomach mass was done and the specimens were sent for histopathological examination. The stomach mass was diagnosed as paraganglioma which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusion: Primary gastric paraganglioma is a very rare tumor. They are more difficult to diagnose if they are non-functional. Complete surgical excision is the first line treatment that can be performed with open surgical resection or laparoscopic technique.